리튬이온 배터리는 어떻게 제조되나요? 실린더, 프리즘 및 패드 셀 제조 공정에 대한 단계별 공장 가이드 _Ufobattery 블로그_자료

리튬 이온 배터리는 어떻게 제조되나요? 실린더형, 프리즘형, 포크형 셀의 공장 가이드

2026년 9월 29일

리튬 이온 배터리는 휴대폰과 전동 공구부터 전기 자동차 및 에너지 저장 시스템에 이르기까지 모든 것을 구동하지만, 대부분의 사람들은 실제로 어떻게 만들어지는지 보지 못합니다. 리튬 배터리는 어떻게 제조되는가? 간단한 답변: 원료 준비, 전극 제조, 셀 조립, 형성, 패키지 조립 및 품질 테스트와 같은 엄격하게 통제된 화학적, 기계적 및 전기적 공정을 통해 이루어집니다. UFOPOWER는 전문 리튬 배터리 제조업체로서 이 모든 단계를 자체적으로 수행하며, 배터리의 품질은 생산 라인에서 가장 약한 단계에 달려 있기 때문입니다.

리튬 이온 배터리 작동 원리

생산을 살펴보기 전에 작동 원리를 이해하는 것이 도움이 됩니다. 리튬 이온 배터리는 두 전극 사이에서 리튬 이온을 왕복시켜 에너지를 저장하고 방출합니다. 양극과 음극배터리가 기기를 전원으로 공급할 때, 리튬 이온은 음극에서 양극으로 이동하여 전류 흐름을 생성합니다. 충전할 때 이온은 다시 음극으로 이동하여 다시 전력을 공급할 준비가 됩니다. 이 역전 가능한 이온 이동이 바로 리튬 이온 배터리가 재충전이 가능한 이유이며, 제조 과정에서 각 전극 층의 품질이 그렇게 중요한 이유입니다.

The 7 Steps of Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing

The table below maps the full production flow, from raw materials to a finished, tested battery pack.

Step	What happens	왜 중요하다
1. Raw material extraction & preparation	Sourcing and preparing lithium, graphite, cobalt and manganese	Defines energy density and cell chemistry
2. Active material synthesis	Mixing, heating and cooling base metals with lithium, graphite and binders	Determines electrode performance and structure
3. Electrode manufacturing	Slurry mixing, coating, drying and calendering	Controls thickness, density and consistency
4. Cell assembly	Stacking or winding foils, electrolyte filling, sealing	Prevents leakage and contamination
5. Formation & aging	Initial charge/discharge cycles; SEI layer forms on the anode	Sets up longevity and stable performance
6. Module & pack assembly	Cells grouped into modules and packs with a BMS	Delivers safety, monitoring and efficiency
7. Quality control & testing	Material inspection, in-line checks, performance and safety testing	Ensures tolerance compliance and reliability

Step 1: Raw Material Extraction & Preparation

Production starts with raw materials. According to the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, critical raw materials used in manufacturing lithium-ion batteries include lithium, graphite, cobalt and manganese. Inside the cell, the anode is typically built from a carbon-based material such as graphite, while the cathode is made from metal oxides such as lithium, cobalt and manganese.

Step 2: Active Material Synthesis

Material synthesis creates materials with specific properties and structures through chemical or physical means. Base metals are mixed, heated and cooled, with lithium, graphite and binder materials added as needed to produce the electrode material.

Step 3: Electrode Manufacturing

This stage has three parts: slurry preparation, coating and drying, then calendering. Active materials are mixed with a solvent and binder to form a slurry, which is coated onto a metal foil and dried in a controlled environment to remove the solvent. The coated foils then pass through rolls to reach the target thickness and density — a process called calendering.

The choice of foil is not random. The anode and cathode use different collectors, and that difference shapes how the electrode is processed and how the finished cell behaves.

Electrode	Active material	Current collector foil
양극	Carbon-based material (e.g. graphite)	Copper foil
Cathode는	Metal oxides (lithium, cobalt, manganese)	Aluminum foil

fig2-electrode-coating-line-800x500

Step 4: Cell Assembly

Lithium-ion cells come in several formats — cylindrical, prismatic and pouch. Depending on the design, anode and cathode foils are stacked with separators in between, or wound into a jelly roll. This is electrode stacking or winding. The cell is then filled with electrolyte, which enables lithium ions to move between electrodes, and finally sealed to prevent leakage and contamination.

Step 5: Cell Formation & Aging

Formation means charging and discharging new cells to activate the electrolyte and build a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode. This step is critical to battery longevity and performance. Cells are then stored through an aging period so their performance characteristics stabilize before they are matched into packs.

fig3-formation-grading-cabinets-800x500

Step 6: Cell Module & Pack Assembly

The high energy density of lithium-ion technology lets cells fit into smaller and smaller spaces, so cells are assembled into modules and packs with almost no dimensional constraints. A battery management system (BMS) monitors and controls performance, protecting the pack and keeping it efficient. This is where a manufacturer's engineering depth shows: matching cells, designing the BMS and packaging the pack for its real application.

Step 7: Quality Control & Testing

Because lithium-ion batteries now appear in mobile devices, electronics, electric vehicles and even infant toys, manufacturing tolerances must be tight. Rigorous quality control runs through the entire production process: material inspections, in-line quality checks during manufacturing, performance testing and safety testing.

fig4-battery-pack-assembly-800x500

Why Manufacturing Precision Decides Battery Performance

A single weak step in the chain is enough to compromise the finished product. Poor slurry mixing or uneven calendering creates inconsistent electrodes; imperfect sealing leads to leakage; skipped formation or aging shows up as unstable performance months later; loose cell matching shortens pack life. That is why serious battery manufacturing is judged not by a single headline specification, but by how tightly every stage is controlled — from the coating room to the final test bench.

Inside UFOPOWER: From Cell to Finished Pack

As a professional lithium battery manufacturer, UFOPOWER brings these seven stages under one roof. Our in-house production covers electrode processing, cell assembly, formation and pack integration, followed by strict quality control and 100% factory testing before any pack ships. The result is factory-direct batteries that hold their voltage, last their rated cycles and match the application they were built for.

OEM / ODM and custom battery solutions — voltage, capacity, cell format (cylindrical, prismatic, pouch), connector and pack geometry
In-house production line with strict quality control at every stage
100% factory testing of performance and safety before shipment
Consistent cell matching for balanced, long-lasting packs with integrated BMS
Factory-direct pricing for brands, integrators and distributors

If you are sourcing a lithium battery for a specific product — from power tools and AGVs to forklifts or energy storage — the right partner is the one who controls the whole process. Send us your requirements and we will build the pack to spec.

UFOPOWER에 문의하여 맞춤형 배터리 솔루션을 요청하세요.

FAQ는

Q1 How are lithium-ion batteries manufactured step by step?: Lithium-ion battery production follows seven main steps: (1) raw material extraction and preparation, (2) active material synthesis, (3) electrode manufacturing through slurry mixing, coating, drying and calendering, (4) cell assembly, where foils are stacked or wound, filled with electrolyte and sealed, (5) formation and aging, which activates the electrolyte and forms the SEI layer on the anode, (6) module and pack assembly with a battery management system, and (7) quality control and testing covering material inspection, in-line checks, and performance and safety testing.

Q2는 What raw materials are used to make lithium-ion batteries?: Critical raw materials include lithium, graphite, cobalt and manganese. The anode is usually made from a carbon-based material such as graphite, while the cathode is made from metal oxides based on lithium, cobalt and manganese. The anode is coated onto copper foil and the cathode onto aluminum foil before the electrodes are combined into a cell.

Q3 What is calendering in battery manufacturing?: Calendering is the step where coated electrode foils are passed through rolls to reach the desired thickness and density. It comes after slurry preparation and coating/drying, and it directly affects electrode consistency, energy density and how evenly the finished cell performs.

Q4 What are the differences between cylindrical, prismatic and pouch cells?: All three formats use the same basic anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte structure, but differ in how the electrodes are packaged. In cylindrical and prismatic cells, electrode foils are wound or stacked and sealed inside a rigid can; in pouch cells they are stacked and sealed inside a flexible foil pouch. The choice of format affects space usage, packaging shape and how the cell is integrated into a finished battery pack.

Q5의 Why is cell formation and aging important?: Formation charges and discharges brand-new cells to activate the electrolyte and build a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode. Aging then lets the cells stabilize so their performance characteristics are predictable. Skipping or rushing these steps leads to unstable capacity and shorter battery life, so they are essential for longevity and safety.

Q6의 How does UFOPOWER control battery quality during manufacturing?: As a professional lithium battery manufacturer, UFOPOWER keeps the whole process in-house — electrode processing, cell assembly, formation, pack integration with an integrated BMS and final inspection. Quality control runs through every stage, including material inspection, in-line checks during production, and performance and safety testing, with 100% factory testing before shipment. OEM/ODM and custom battery solutions are available for specific voltage, capacity, cell format and pack geometry requirements.