Recently, the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Energy Storage", which proposed that by 2025, new energy storage will be transformed from the initial stage of commercialization to large-scale development. The scale of grid-connected new-type energy storage installations will reach over 5 million kw. In principle, the energy storage scale should not be less than 15% of the installed capacity of the new energy project, and the energy storage duration should be more than 4 hours. The proportion will be adjusted after 2022 according to the situation. The figure is higher than previously issued by provinces. In the past, 2 hours of storage was required.
The success of the implementation of new energy storage in Inner Mongolia will directly affect the effective implementation of the implementation path of the integration of charge and storage of source network and multi-energy complementarity. Zhang Huamin of Dalian Chemical Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward an opinion on long-term storage.
Long-term energy storage is the key technology of new energy storage system
In 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy released a report supporting long-term storage, which is defined as at least 10 hours of continuous operation (discharge) and a service life of 15 to 20 years. In November 2021, at the United Nations Climate Change Summit in Glasgow, Scotland, executives from 25 Energy and technology companies, including BP, Siemens Energy, Highview Power and Form Energy, established the Council on Long-term Energy Storage. The council aims to inform and educate businesses, governments and utilities about long-term storage technology and to create incentives to support large-scale deployment of long-term storage systems.
The deployment of long-term storage systems is likely to accelerate in coming years, especially as countries continue to expand their deployment of renewable energy, according to a recent survey prepared by the Council in collaboration with McKinsey & Company. Once renewables reach 60 to 70 percent of the electricity market, long-term storage will become "the least cost flexible solution."
By the end of October 2021, China's cumulative installed power capacity of renewable energy reached 1.002 billion kilowatts, breaking the 1 billion kilowatt mark, doubling that of the end of 2015 and accounting for 43.5 percent of the country's total installed power capacity, Zhang said. In order to achieve the carbon peak target by 2030, it is expected that by 2030, the total installed capacity of renewable energy will reach more than 60%, surpassing thermal power to become the absolute main power source.
At that time, when there is no wind or continuous rainy weather, because the installed capacity of thermal power plants is greatly reduced, in order to ensure the safety and stable power supply of the new power system, it is necessary for long-term energy storage power stations to provide the power required by the load of the grid.
Therefore, long-term energy storage is the key core technology to build a new energy storage system of "new energy + energy storage" and achieve the goal of "double carbon", which must be paid great attention to. In order to meet the needs of establishing a new power system of "new energy + energy storage", the long-term energy storage system should be deployed synchronously while the installed capacity of renewable energy generation is being accelerated in China.
There is a gap between long-term energy storage in China and advanced countries
The Ministry of Science and Technology in the "14th five-year plan" energy storage major special proposed to research and development of "4-hour energy storage technology", Zhang Huamin said: just focusing on lithium ion battery energy storage technology, coupled with the safety of Lithium Ion Battery and other issues, far from meeting the needs of the "double carbon" goal.
The Implementation Opinions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, based on the actual needs of building a new energy storage system of "new energy + energy storage", advance with The Times and take the lead in the country to propose that "the energy storage duration is more than 4 hours; The proportion will be adjusted after 2022 based on the situation." Although there is still a gap between the energy storage market and the long-term energy storage requirements of the "International Council for Long-term Energy Storage" and developed countries, it is clear that the allocation ratio will be adjusted according to the situation after 2022, which will guide the development direction of China's energy storage technology.
90% of the installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage in China is Lithium ion Battery technology, but the current lithium ion battery energy storage technology is difficult to meet the demand of "new energy + energy storage" new energy storage system for long-term energy storage. Therefore, it continues to deploy and support research and development and engineering applications of environmentally friendly, long-term technologies with high safety, service life of more than 15 years.
2030 years later, the new type of electric power system in our country, the proportion of renewable energy will be increased significantly, the proportion of thermal power will reduce, the role of the power grid load transferred by the load of thermal power plant to energy storage power station, long time rainy days, solar power will reduce, to ensure the power system safe and stable power supply, It needs high-power and long-term energy storage system to play its role.
In order to explore the economic efficiency of large-scale long-term energy storage projects, Zhang Huamin believes that increasing energy storage system in the power grid, whether on the power grid side, power supply side or user side, needs to increase investment, just like doing environmental protection in the past, needs to increase costs. First of all, energy storage equipment manufacturers should increase investment in RESEARCH and development to develop energy storage equipment with high safety, cost-effective life cycle and environmental friendliness (including harmless treatment after battery scrap) to reduce equipment costs.
Since energy storage, on the other hand, is a country to realize the objective of "double carbon" major needs, countries should be like the development of new energy vehicles, solar cells, such as industry, to develop a can carry out the effective price compensation mechanism and corresponding long-term energy storage industry policy, for example, the pumping energy storage two electricity price policy, accelerate the healthy development of long-term energy storage industry, Let energy storage technology for the establishment of a new power system, to achieve the goal of "dual carbon" escort.
In addition, the state should focus on supporting the comprehensive energy conversion efficiency for standard pumping energy storage. The comprehensive energy conversion efficiency should be greater than 70%, and the service life should be greater than 15 years. When considering the cost of the long-term energy storage system, the harmless treatment cost after the battery is scrapped must be included.
